Power System
Engine: The core component of an internal - combustion forklift. Common types include diesel engines, gasoline engines, and liquefied petroleum gas engines. For example, the 4JB1 diesel engine. Different models of forklifts are equipped with different engine models and power.
Fuel System: It includes fuel tanks, fuel filters, fuel pumps, fuel injectors, etc., which are used to store and transport fuel to ensure the normal operation of the engine.
Intake System: Composed of air filters, intake pipes, etc., it filters the air entering the engine to prevent impurities from entering and damaging the engine.
Exhaust System: Consists of exhaust pipes, mufflers, etc., to discharge the exhaust gas after combustion in the engine and reduce noise.
Electrical System
Battery: The power source of an electric forklift, usually lead - acid batteries or lithium - ion batteries. A battery pack is composed of multiple battery cells, and is equipped with a corresponding battery charger.
Controller: Controls the motor operation, speed adjustment, steering and other functions of the electric forklift and is the core control part of the electric forklift.
Wire Assemblies: Include various wires, cables, plugs, sockets, etc., which connect various electrical components to transmit electricity and signals.
Lamps: Such as headlights, taillights, turn signals, brake lights, etc., provide lighting and signal indication to ensure the safety of the forklift during work.
Dashboard: Displays the working status of the forklift, such as battery power, oil pressure, water temperature, fault alarms and other information, so that operators can easily understand the operation of the forklift.
Hydraulic System
Hydraulic Pump: Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy and provides power for the hydraulic system. Common ones include gear pumps and vane pumps.
Hydraulic Cylinder: The piston is pushed by the pressure of hydraulic oil to achieve the lifting and tilting actions of the forklift, such as lifting cylinders and tilting cylinders.
Hydraulic Control Valve: Controls the flow direction, pressure and flow rate of hydraulic oil, including directional control valves, pressure control valves and flow control valves to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system.
Hydraulic Filter: Filters impurities in hydraulic oil to keep the hydraulic oil clean and prevent impurities from entering the hydraulic system and affecting system performance and service life.
Hydraulic Pipeline: Connects hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic control valves and other components and transports hydraulic oil, generally composed of steel pipes and rubber hoses.
Transmission System
Drive Motor: The power output component of an electric forklift, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the forklift.
Gearbox: Used to change the transmission ratio, adjust the driving speed and torque of the forklift so that the forklift can adapt to different working conditions.
Drive Shaft: Transmits power from the engine or motor to the drive wheels and is generally composed of a shaft tube and universal joints.
Drive Axle: Includes a final drive, a differential, a half - shaft, etc., distributes power to the left and right drive wheels and realizes the function of speed reduction and torque increase.
Braking System
Brake Pads: Generate braking force through friction with the brake disc or brake drum to slow down or stop the forklift. They are divided into mechanical brake pads and electromagnetic brake pads, etc.
Brake Fluid: The medium for transmitting braking force, usually hydraulic oil, with good fluidity and anti - compressibility.
Master Cylinder: Converts the mechanical force of the brake pedal into the pressure of hydraulic oil to push the brake pads to work.
Wheel Cylinder: Installed on each wheel, it receives the hydraulic oil pressure from the master cylinder and drives the brake pads to clamp the brake disc or brake 鼓 to achieve wheel braking.
Steering System
Steering Wheel: The operator controls the driving direction of the forklift by turning the steering wheel.
Steering Gear: Converts the rotation of the steering wheel into the deflection of the steering wheels. Common ones include mechanical steering gears, hydraulic steering gears and electric steering gears.
Steering Cylinder: In a hydraulic steering system, the steering wheels are deflected by the pressure of hydraulic oil to achieve the steering action of the forklift.
Steering Knuckle: Connects the steering wheels and the vehicle frame so that the steering wheels can deflect around the kingpin at a certain angle to achieve the steering of the forklift.
Vehicle Body and Accessories
Vehicle Frame: The main structure of the forklift, which supports and connects various components and bears the weight and working load of the forklift.
Counterweight: Installed at the rear of the forklift to balance the weight of the goods at the front of the forklift, prevent the forklift from tipping forward and ensure the stability of the forklift.
Seat: For the operator to sit on, generally has comfort and adjustment functions, including the driver's seat and the passenger seat.
Hood: Covers the engine and other components and plays a role of protection and sound insulation.
Fender: Installed above the wheels to prevent the mud and water splashed by the wheels from splashing onto the vehicle body and the operator.
Running System
Tires: Divided into solid tires, pneumatic tires, small pneumatic tires, etc., which support the weight of the forklift and provide friction so that the forklift can run on different surfaces.
Wheel Hub: The component for installing tires, which is connected with the axle to transmit power and support weight.
Axle: Connects the left and right wheels, bears the weight of the forklift and the impact force of the road surface and transmits power to the wheels.
Suspension System: Generally includes leaf springs, shock absorbers, etc., which reduce the bumps and vibrations of the forklift during driving and improve comfort and stability.
Working Device
Forks: Used to fork and carry goods, generally made of steel, with different lengths and specifications available.
Mast: Supports the weight of the forks and goods and realizes the lifting movement of the forks through the lifting cylinder. It is divided into standard masts, two - stage masts, three - stage masts, etc.
Chains: Connect the forks and the mast and drive the forks to lift through the movement of the chains. Generally, they are made of high - strength alloy steel.
Attachments: Such as side shifters, rotators, tilting forks, etc., can be installed on the forks according to different operation requirements to expand the functions of the forklift.
